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The First Passover
While the Israelites were still in the land of Egypt, the LORD gave the following instructions to Moses and Aaron:
While the Israelites were still in the land of Egypt, the LORD gave the following instructions to Moses and Aaron:
The Passover
The Lord said to Moses and Aaron in the land of Egypt,
The Lord said to Moses and Aaron in the land of Egypt,
“From now on, this month will be the first month of the year for you.
“This month shall be for you the beginning of months. It shall be the first month of the year for you.
Announce to the whole community of Israel that on the tenth day of this month each family must choose a lamb or a young goat for a sacrifice, one animal for each household.
Tell all the congregation of Israel that on the tenth day of this month every man shall take a lamb according to their fathers’ houses, a lamb for a household.
If a family is too small to eat a whole animal, let them share with another family in the neighborhood. Divide the animal according to the size of each family and how much they can eat.
And if the household is too small for a lamb, then he and his nearest neighbor shall take according to the number of persons; according to what each can eat you shall make your count for the lamb.
The animal you select must be a one-year-old male, either a sheep or a goat, with no defects.
Your lamb shall be without blemish, a male a year old. You may take it from the sheep or from the goats,
“Take special care of this chosen animal until the evening of the fourteenth day of this first month. Then the whole assembly of the community of Israel must slaughter their lamb or young goat at twilight.
They are to take some of the blood and smear it on the sides and top of the doorframes of the houses where they eat the animal.
“Then they shall take some of the blood and put it on the two doorposts and the lintel of the houses in which they eat it.
That same night they must roast the meat over a fire and eat it along with bitter salad greens and bread made without yeast.
They shall eat the flesh that night, roasted on the fire; with unleavened bread and bitter herbs they shall eat it.
Do not eat any of the meat raw or boiled in water. The whole animal — including the head, legs, and internal organs — must be roasted over a fire.
Do not eat any of it raw or boiled in water, but roasted, its head with its legs and its inner parts.
Do not leave any of it until the next morning. Burn whatever is not eaten before morning.
And you shall let none of it remain until the morning; anything that remains until the morning you shall burn.
In this manner you shall eat it: with your belt fastened, your sandals on your feet, and your staff in your hand. And you shall eat it in haste. It is the Lord’s Passover.
On that night I will pass through the land of Egypt and strike down every firstborn son and firstborn male animal in the land of Egypt. I will execute judgment against all the gods of Egypt, for I am the LORD!
For I will pass through the land of Egypt that night, and I will strike all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, both man and beast; and on all the gods of Egypt I will execute judgments: I am the Lord.
But the blood on your doorposts will serve as a sign, marking the houses where you are staying. When I see the blood, I will pass over you. This plague of death will not touch you when I strike the land of Egypt.
The blood shall be a sign for you, on the houses where you are. And when I see the blood, I will pass over you, and no plague will befall you to destroy you, when I strike the land of Egypt.
“This is a day to remember. Each year, from generation to generation, you must celebrate it as a special festival to the LORD. This is a law for all time.
“This day shall be for you a memorial day, and you shall keep it as a feast to the Lord; throughout your generations, as a statute forever, you shall keep it as a feast.
For seven days the bread you eat must be made without yeast. On the first day of the festival, remove every trace of yeast from your homes. Anyone who eats bread made with yeast during the seven days of the festival will be cut off from the community of Israel.
Seven days you shall eat unleavened bread. On the first day you shall remove leaven out of your houses, for if anyone eats what is leavened, from the first day until the seventh day, that person shall be cut off from Israel.
On the first day of the festival and again on the seventh day, all the people must observe an official day for holy assembly. No work of any kind may be done on these days except in the preparation of food.
On the first day you shall hold a holy assembly, and on the seventh day a holy assembly. No work shall be done on those days. But what everyone needs to eat, that alone may be prepared by you.
“Celebrate this Festival of Unleavened Bread, for it will remind you that I brought your forces out of the land of Egypt on this very day. This festival will be a permanent law for you; celebrate this day from generation to generation.
And you shall observe the Feast of Unleavened Bread, for on this very day I brought your hosts out of the land of Egypt. Therefore you shall observe this day, throughout your generations, as a statute forever.
The bread you eat must be made without yeast from the evening of the fourteenth day of the first month until the evening of the twenty-first day of that month.
In the first month, from the fourteenth day of the month at evening, you shall eat unleavened bread until the twenty-first day of the month at evening.
During those seven days, there must be no trace of yeast in your homes. Anyone who eats anything made with yeast during this week will be cut off from the community of Israel. These regulations apply both to the foreigners living among you and to the native-born Israelites.
For seven days no leaven is to be found in your houses. If anyone eats what is leavened, that person will be cut off from the congregation of Israel, whether he is a sojourner or a native of the land.
During those days you must not eat anything made with yeast. Wherever you live, eat only bread made without yeast.”
You shall eat nothing leavened; in all your dwelling places you shall eat unleavened bread.”
Then Moses called all the elders of Israel together and said to them, “Go, pick out a lamb or young goat for each of your families, and slaughter the Passover animal.
Then Moses called all the elders of Israel and said to them, “Go and select lambs for yourselves according to your clans, and kill the Passover lamb.
Drain the blood into a basin. Then take a bundle of hyssop branches and dip it into the blood. Brush the hyssop across the top and sides of the doorframes of your houses. And no one may go out through the door until morning.
Take a bunch of hyssop and dip it in the blood that is in the basin, and touch the lintel and the two doorposts with the blood that is in the basin. None of you shall go out of the door of his house until the morning.
For the LORD will pass through the land to strike down the Egyptians. But when he sees the blood on the top and sides of the doorframe, the LORD will pass over your home. He will not permit his death angel to enter your house and strike you down.
For the Lord will pass through to strike the Egyptians, and when he sees the blood on the lintel and on the two doorposts, the Lord will pass over the door and will not allow the destroyer to enter your houses to strike you.
“Remember, these instructions are a permanent law that you and your descendants must observe forever.
You shall observe this rite as a statute for you and for your sons forever.
When you enter the land the LORD has promised to give you, you will continue to observe this ceremony.
And when you come to the land that the Lord will give you, as he has promised, you shall keep this service.
Then your children will ask, ‘What does this ceremony mean?’
And when your children say to you, ‘What do you mean by this service?’
And you will reply, ‘It is the Passover sacrifice to the LORD, for he passed over the houses of the Israelites in Egypt. And though he struck the Egyptians, he spared our families.’” When Moses had finished speaking, all the people bowed down to the ground and worshiped.
you shall say, ‘It is the sacrifice of the Lord’s Passover, for he passed over the houses of the people of Israel in Egypt, when he struck the Egyptians but spared our houses.’” And the people bowed their heads and worshiped.
So the people of Israel did just as the LORD had commanded through Moses and Aaron.
Then the people of Israel went and did so; as the Lord had commanded Moses and Aaron, so they did.
And that night at midnight, the LORD struck down all the firstborn sons in the land of Egypt, from the firstborn son of Pharaoh, who sat on his throne, to the firstborn son of the prisoner in the dungeon. Even the firstborn of their livestock were killed.
The Tenth Plague: Death of the Firstborn
At midnight the Lord struck down all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, from the firstborn of Pharaoh who sat on his throne to the firstborn of the captive who was in the dungeon, and all the firstborn of the livestock.
At midnight the Lord struck down all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, from the firstborn of Pharaoh who sat on his throne to the firstborn of the captive who was in the dungeon, and all the firstborn of the livestock.
Pharaoh and all his officials and all the people of Egypt woke up during the night, and loud wailing was heard throughout the land of Egypt. There was not a single house where someone had not died.
And Pharaoh rose up in the night, he and all his servants and all the Egyptians. And there was a great cry in Egypt, for there was not a house where someone was not dead.
Israel’s Exodus from Egypt
Pharaoh sent for Moses and Aaron during the night. “Get out!” he ordered. “Leave my people — and take the rest of the Israelites with you! Go and worship the LORD as you have requested.
Then he summoned Moses and Aaron by night and said, “Up, go out from among my people, both you and the people of Israel; and go, serve the Lord, as you have said.
Take your flocks and herds, as you said, and be gone. Go, but bless me as you leave.”
Take your flocks and your herds, as you have said, and be gone, and bless me also!”
All the Egyptians urged the people of Israel to get out of the land as quickly as possible, for they thought, “We will all die!”
The Exodus
The Egyptians were urgent with the people to send them out of the land in haste. For they said, “We shall all be dead.”
The Egyptians were urgent with the people to send them out of the land in haste. For they said, “We shall all be dead.”
The Israelites took their bread dough before yeast was added. They wrapped their kneading boards in their cloaks and carried them on their shoulders.
So the people took their dough before it was leavened, their kneading bowls being bound up in their cloaks on their shoulders.
And the people of Israel did as Moses had instructed; they asked the Egyptians for clothing and articles of silver and gold.
The people of Israel had also done as Moses told them, for they had asked the Egyptians for silver and gold jewelry and for clothing.
The LORD caused the Egyptians to look favorably on the Israelites, and they gave the Israelites whatever they asked for. So they stripped the Egyptians of their wealth!
And the Lord had given the people favor in the sight of the Egyptians, so that they let them have what they asked. Thus they plundered the Egyptians.
And the people of Israel journeyed from Rameses to Succoth, about six hundred thousand men on foot, besides women and children.
A rabble of non-Israelites went with them, along with great flocks and herds of livestock.
A mixed multitude also went up with them, and very much livestock, both flocks and herds.
For bread they baked flat cakes from the dough without yeast they had brought from Egypt. It was made without yeast because the people were driven out of Egypt in such a hurry that they had no time to prepare the bread or other food.
And they baked unleavened cakes of the dough that they had brought out of Egypt, for it was not leavened, because they were thrust out of Egypt and could not wait, nor had they prepared any provisions for themselves.
The time that the people of Israel lived in Egypt was 430 years.
In fact, it was on the last day of the 430th year that all the LORD’s forces left the land.
At the end of 430 years, on that very day, all the hosts of the Lord went out from the land of Egypt.
On this night the LORD kept his promise to bring his people out of the land of Egypt. So this night belongs to him, and it must be commemorated every year by all the Israelites, from generation to generation.
It was a night of watching by the Lord, to bring them out of the land of Egypt; so this same night is a night of watching kept to the Lord by all the people of Israel throughout their generations.
Instructions for the Passover
Then the LORD said to Moses and Aaron, “These are the instructions for the festival of Passover. No outsiders are allowed to eat the Passover meal.
Institution of the Passover
And the Lord said to Moses and Aaron, “This is the statute of the Passover: no foreigner shall eat of it,
And the Lord said to Moses and Aaron, “This is the statute of the Passover: no foreigner shall eat of it,
But any slave who has been purchased may eat it if he has been circumcised.
Temporary residents and hired servants may not eat it.
No foreigner or hired worker may eat of it.
Each Passover lamb must be eaten in one house. Do not carry any of its meat outside, and do not break any of its bones.
It shall be eaten in one house; you shall not take any of the flesh outside the house, and you shall not break any of its bones.
The whole community of Israel must celebrate this Passover festival.
All the congregation of Israel shall keep it.
“If there are foreigners living among you who want to celebrate the LORD’s Passover, let all their males be circumcised. Only then may they celebrate the Passover with you like any native-born Israelite. But no uncircumcised male may ever eat the Passover meal.
If a stranger shall sojourn with you and would keep the Passover to the Lord, let all his males be circumcised. Then he may come near and keep it; he shall be as a native of the land. But no uncircumcised person shall eat of it.
This instruction applies to everyone, whether a native-born Israelite or a foreigner living among you.”
There shall be one law for the native and for the stranger who sojourns among you.”
So all the people of Israel followed all the LORD’s commands to Moses and Aaron.
All the people of Israel did just as the Lord commanded Moses and Aaron.