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The First Passover
While the Israelites were still in the land of Egypt, the LORD gave the following instructions to Moses and Aaron:
While the Israelites were still in the land of Egypt, the LORD gave the following instructions to Moses and Aaron:
The Passover Lamb
Now the LORD said to Moses and Aaron in the land of Egypt,
Now the LORD said to Moses and Aaron in the land of Egypt,
“From now on, this month will be the first month of the year for you.
“This month shall be the beginning of months for you; it is to be the first month of the year to you.
Announce to the whole community of Israel that on the tenth day of this month each family must choose a lamb or a young goat for a sacrifice, one animal for each household.
“Speak to all the congregation of Israel, saying, ‘On the tenth of this month they are each one to take a lamb for themselves, according to their fathers’ households, a lamb for each household.
If a family is too small to eat a whole animal, let them share with another family in the neighborhood. Divide the animal according to the size of each family and how much they can eat.
‘Now if the household is too small for a lamb, then he and his neighbor nearest to his house are to take one according to the number of persons in them; according to what each man should eat, you are to divide the lamb.
The animal you select must be a one-year-old male, either a sheep or a goat, with no defects.
‘Your lamb shall be an unblemished male a year old; you may take it from the sheep or from the goats.
“Take special care of this chosen animal until the evening of the fourteenth day of this first month. Then the whole assembly of the community of Israel must slaughter their lamb or young goat at twilight.
‘You shall keep it until the fourteenth day of the same month, then the whole assembly of the congregation of Israel is to kill it at twilight.
They are to take some of the blood and smear it on the sides and top of the doorframes of the houses where they eat the animal.
‘Moreover, they shall take some of the blood and put it on the two doorposts and on the lintel of the houses in which they eat it.
That same night they must roast the meat over a fire and eat it along with bitter salad greens and bread made without yeast.
‘They shall eat the flesh that same night, roasted with fire, and they shall eat it with unleavened bread and bitter herbs.
Do not eat any of the meat raw or boiled in water. The whole animal — including the head, legs, and internal organs — must be roasted over a fire.
‘Do not eat any of it raw or boiled at all with water, but rather roasted with fire, both its head and its legs along with its entrails.
Do not leave any of it until the next morning. Burn whatever is not eaten before morning.
‘And you shall not leave any of it over until morning, but whatever is left of it until morning, you shall burn with fire.
‘Now you shall eat it in this manner: with your loins girded, your sandals on your feet, and your staff in your hand; and you shall eat it in haste — it is the LORD’S Passover.
On that night I will pass through the land of Egypt and strike down every firstborn son and firstborn male animal in the land of Egypt. I will execute judgment against all the gods of Egypt, for I am the LORD!
‘For I will go through the land of Egypt on that night, and will strike down all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, both man and beast; and against all the gods of Egypt I will execute judgments — I am the LORD.
But the blood on your doorposts will serve as a sign, marking the houses where you are staying. When I see the blood, I will pass over you. This plague of death will not touch you when I strike the land of Egypt.
‘The blood shall be a sign for you on the houses where you live; and when I see the blood I will pass over you, and no plague will befall you to destroy you when I strike the land of Egypt.
“This is a day to remember. Each year, from generation to generation, you must celebrate it as a special festival to the LORD. This is a law for all time.
Feast of Unleavened Bread
‘Now this day will be a memorial to you, and you shall celebrate it as a feast to the LORD; throughout your generations you are to celebrate it as a permanent ordinance.
For seven days the bread you eat must be made without yeast. On the first day of the festival, remove every trace of yeast from your homes. Anyone who eats bread made with yeast during the seven days of the festival will be cut off from the community of Israel.
‘Seven days you shall eat unleavened bread, but on the first day you shall remove leaven from your houses; for whoever eats anything leavened from the first day until the seventh day, that person shall be cut off from Israel.
On the first day of the festival and again on the seventh day, all the people must observe an official day for holy assembly. No work of any kind may be done on these days except in the preparation of food.
‘On the first day you shall have a holy assembly, and another holy assembly on the seventh day; no work at all shall be done on them, except what must be eaten by every person, that alone may be prepared by you.
“Celebrate this Festival of Unleavened Bread, for it will remind you that I brought your forces out of the land of Egypt on this very day. This festival will be a permanent law for you; celebrate this day from generation to generation.
‘You shall also observe the Feast of Unleavened Bread, for on this very day I brought your hosts out of the land of Egypt; therefore you shall observe this day throughout your generations as a permanent ordinance.
The bread you eat must be made without yeast from the evening of the fourteenth day of the first month until the evening of the twenty-first day of that month.
‘In the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month at evening, you shall eat unleavened bread, until the twenty-first day of the month at evening.
During those seven days, there must be no trace of yeast in your homes. Anyone who eats anything made with yeast during this week will be cut off from the community of Israel. These regulations apply both to the foreigners living among you and to the native-born Israelites.
‘Seven days there shall be no leaven found in your houses; for whoever eats what is leavened, that person shall be cut off from the congregation of Israel, whether he is an alien or a native of the land.
During those days you must not eat anything made with yeast. Wherever you live, eat only bread made without yeast.”
‘You shall not eat anything leavened; in all your dwellings you shall eat unleavened bread.’”
Then Moses called all the elders of Israel together and said to them, “Go, pick out a lamb or young goat for each of your families, and slaughter the Passover animal.
Then Moses called for all the elders of Israel and said to them, “Go and take for yourselves lambs according to your families, and slay the Passover lamb.
Drain the blood into a basin. Then take a bundle of hyssop branches and dip it into the blood. Brush the hyssop across the top and sides of the doorframes of your houses. And no one may go out through the door until morning.
“You shall take a bunch of hyssop and dip it in the blood which is in the basin, and apply some of the blood that is in the basin to the lintel and the two doorposts; and none of you shall go outside the door of his house until morning.
For the LORD will pass through the land to strike down the Egyptians. But when he sees the blood on the top and sides of the doorframe, the LORD will pass over your home. He will not permit his death angel to enter your house and strike you down.
A Memorial of Redemption
“For the LORD will pass through to smite the Egyptians; and when He sees the blood on the lintel and on the two doorposts, the LORD will pass over the door and will not allow the destroyer to come in to your houses to smite you.
“Remember, these instructions are a permanent law that you and your descendants must observe forever.
“And you shall observe this event as an ordinance for you and your children forever.
When you enter the land the LORD has promised to give you, you will continue to observe this ceremony.
“When you enter the land which the LORD will give you, as He has promised, you shall observe this rite.
Then your children will ask, ‘What does this ceremony mean?’
“And when your children say to you, ‘What does this rite mean to you?’
And you will reply, ‘It is the Passover sacrifice to the LORD, for he passed over the houses of the Israelites in Egypt. And though he struck the Egyptians, he spared our families.’” When Moses had finished speaking, all the people bowed down to the ground and worshiped.
you shall say, ‘It is a Passover sacrifice to the LORD who passed over the houses of the sons of Israel in Egypt when He smote the Egyptians, but spared our homes.’” And the people bowed low and worshiped.
So the people of Israel did just as the LORD had commanded through Moses and Aaron.
Then the sons of Israel went and did so; just as the LORD had commanded Moses and Aaron, so they did.
And that night at midnight, the LORD struck down all the firstborn sons in the land of Egypt, from the firstborn son of Pharaoh, who sat on his throne, to the firstborn son of the prisoner in the dungeon. Even the firstborn of their livestock were killed.
Now it came about at midnight that the LORD struck all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, from the firstborn of Pharaoh who sat on his throne to the firstborn of the captive who was in the dungeon, and all the firstborn of cattle.
Pharaoh and all his officials and all the people of Egypt woke up during the night, and loud wailing was heard throughout the land of Egypt. There was not a single house where someone had not died.
Pharaoh arose in the night, he and all his servants and all the Egyptians, and there was a great cry in Egypt, for there was no home where there was not someone dead.
Israel’s Exodus from Egypt
Pharaoh sent for Moses and Aaron during the night. “Get out!” he ordered. “Leave my people — and take the rest of the Israelites with you! Go and worship the LORD as you have requested.
Then he called for Moses and Aaron at night and said, “Rise up, get out from among my people, both you and the sons of Israel; and go, worship the LORD, as you have said.
Take your flocks and herds, as you said, and be gone. Go, but bless me as you leave.”
“Take both your flocks and your herds, as you have said, and go, and bless me also.”
All the Egyptians urged the people of Israel to get out of the land as quickly as possible, for they thought, “We will all die!”
Exodus of Israel
The Egyptians urged the people, to send them out of the land in haste, for they said, “We will all be dead.”
The Israelites took their bread dough before yeast was added. They wrapped their kneading boards in their cloaks and carried them on their shoulders.
So the people took their dough before it was leavened, with their kneading bowls bound up in the clothes on their shoulders.
And the people of Israel did as Moses had instructed; they asked the Egyptians for clothing and articles of silver and gold.
Now the sons of Israel had done according to the word of Moses, for they had requested from the Egyptians articles of silver and articles of gold, and clothing;
The LORD caused the Egyptians to look favorably on the Israelites, and they gave the Israelites whatever they asked for. So they stripped the Egyptians of their wealth!
and the LORD had given the people favor in the sight of the Egyptians, so that they let them have their request. Thus they plundered the Egyptians.
Now the sons of Israel journeyed from Rameses to Succoth, about six hundred thousand men on foot, aside from children.
A rabble of non-Israelites went with them, along with great flocks and herds of livestock.
A mixed multitude also went up with them, along with flocks and herds, a very large number of livestock.
For bread they baked flat cakes from the dough without yeast they had brought from Egypt. It was made without yeast because the people were driven out of Egypt in such a hurry that they had no time to prepare the bread or other food.
They baked the dough which they had brought out of Egypt into cakes of unleavened bread. For it had not become leavened, since they were driven out of Egypt and could not delay, nor had they prepared any provisions for themselves.
Now the time that the sons of Israel lived in Egypt was four hundred and thirty years.
In fact, it was on the last day of the 430th year that all the LORD’s forces left the land.
And at the end of four hundred and thirty years, to the very day, all the hosts of the LORD went out from the land of Egypt.
On this night the LORD kept his promise to bring his people out of the land of Egypt. So this night belongs to him, and it must be commemorated every year by all the Israelites, from generation to generation.
Ordinance of the Passover
It is a night to be observed for the LORD for having brought them out from the land of Egypt; this night is for the LORD, to be observed by all the sons of Israel throughout their generations.
Instructions for the Passover
Then the LORD said to Moses and Aaron, “These are the instructions for the festival of Passover. No outsiders are allowed to eat the Passover meal.
The LORD said to Moses and Aaron, “This is the ordinance of the Passover: no foreigner is to eat of it;
But any slave who has been purchased may eat it if he has been circumcised.
but every man’s slave purchased with money, after you have circumcised him, then he may eat of it.
Temporary residents and hired servants may not eat it.
“A sojourner or a hired servant shall not eat of it.
Each Passover lamb must be eaten in one house. Do not carry any of its meat outside, and do not break any of its bones.
“It is to be eaten in a single house; you are not to bring forth any of the flesh outside of the house, nor are you to break any bone of it.
The whole community of Israel must celebrate this Passover festival.
“All the congregation of Israel are to celebrate this.
“If there are foreigners living among you who want to celebrate the LORD’s Passover, let all their males be circumcised. Only then may they celebrate the Passover with you like any native-born Israelite. But no uncircumcised male may ever eat the Passover meal.
“But if a stranger sojourns with you, and celebrates the Passover to the LORD, let all his males be circumcised, and then let him come near to celebrate it; and he shall be like a native of the land. But no uncircumcised person may eat of it.
This instruction applies to everyone, whether a native-born Israelite or a foreigner living among you.”
“The same law shall apply to the native as to the stranger who sojourns among you.”
So all the people of Israel followed all the LORD’s commands to Moses and Aaron.
Then all the sons of Israel did so; they did just as the LORD had commanded Moses and Aaron.