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Fair Treatment of Slaves
“These are the regulations you must present to Israel.
“These are the regulations you must present to Israel.
Laws for Servants
And these are the judgments which thou shalt set before them.
And these are the judgments which thou shalt set before them.
“If you buy a Hebrew slave, he may serve for no more than six years. Set him free in the seventh year, and he will owe you nothing for his freedom.
If thou buy a Hebrew bondman, six years shall he serve; and in the seventh he shall go out free for nothing.
If he was single when he became your slave, he shall leave single. But if he was married before he became a slave, then his wife must be freed with him.
If he came in alone, he shall go out alone: if he had a wife, then his wife shall go out with him.
“If his master gave him a wife while he was a slave and they had sons or daughters, then only the man will be free in the seventh year, but his wife and children will still belong to his master.
If his master have given him a wife, and she have borne him sons or daughters, the wife and her children shall be her master's, and he shall go out alone.
But the slave may declare, ‘I love my master, my wife, and my children. I don’t want to go free.’
But if the bondman shall say distinctly, I love my master, my wife, and my children, I will not go free;
then his master shall bring him before the judges, and shall bring him to the door, or to the door-post; and his master shall bore his ear through with an awl; and he shall be his bondman for ever.
“When a man sells his daughter as a slave, she will not be freed at the end of six years as the men are.
And if a man shall sell his daughter as a handmaid, she shall not go out as the bondmen go out.
If she does not satisfy her owner, he must allow her to be bought back again. But he is not allowed to sell her to foreigners, since he is the one who broke the contract with her.
If she is unacceptable in the eyes of her master, who had taken her for himself, then shall he let her be ransomed: to sell her unto a foreign people he hath no power, after having dealt unfaithfully with her.
But if the slave’s owner arranges for her to marry his son, he may no longer treat her as a slave but as a daughter.
And if he have appointed her unto his son, he shall deal with her after the law of daughters.
“If a man who has married a slave wife takes another wife for himself, he must not neglect the rights of the first wife to food, clothing, and sexual intimacy.
If he take himself another, her food, her clothing, and her conjugal rights he shall not diminish.
If he fails in any of these three obligations, she may leave as a free woman without making any payment.
And if he do not these three things unto her, then shall she go out free without money.
Cases of Personal Injury
“Anyone who assaults and kills another person must be put to death.
Personal Injury Laws
He that striketh a man, so that he die, shall certainly be put to death.
He that striketh a man, so that he die, shall certainly be put to death.
But if it was simply an accident permitted by God, I will appoint a place of refuge where the slayer can run for safety.
But if he have not lain in wait, and God have delivered [him] into his hand, I will appoint thee a place to which he shall flee.
However, if someone deliberately kills another person, then the slayer must be dragged even from my altar and be put to death.
But if a man act wantonly toward his neighbour, and slay him with guile, thou shalt take him from mine altar, that he may die.
“Anyone who strikes father or mother must be put to death.
And he that striketh his father, or his mother, shall certainly be put to death.
“Kidnappers must be put to death, whether they are caught in possession of their victims or have already sold them as slaves.
And he that stealeth a man, and selleth him, or if he be found in his hand, he shall certainly be put to death.
And he that curseth his father, or his mother, shall certainly be put to death.
“Now suppose two men quarrel, and one hits the other with a stone or fist, and the injured person does not die but is confined to bed.
And if men dispute, and one strike the other with a stone, or with the fist, and he die not, but take to [his] bed,
If he is later able to walk outside again, even with a crutch, the assailant will not be punished but must compensate his victim for lost wages and provide for his full recovery.
-- if he rise, and walk abroad upon his staff, then shall he that struck [him] be guiltless; only he shall pay [for] the loss of his time, and shall cause [him] to be thoroughly healed.
“If a man beats his male or female slave with a club and the slave dies as a result, the owner must be punished.
And if a man strike his bondman or his handmaid with a staff, and he die under his hand, he shall certainly be avenged.
But if the slave recovers within a day or two, then the owner shall not be punished, since the slave is his property.
Only, if he continue [to live] a day or two days, he shall not be avenged; for he is his money.
And if men strive together, and strike a woman with child, so that she be delivered, and no mischief happen, he shall in any case be fined, according as the woman's husband shall impose on him, and shall give it as the judges estimate.
But if there is further injury, the punishment must match the injury: a life for a life,
But if mischief happen, then thou shalt give life for life,
an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth, a hand for a hand, a foot for a foot,
eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot,
a burn for a burn, a wound for a wound, a bruise for a bruise.
branding for branding, wound for wound, stripe for stripe.
“If a man hits his male or female slave in the eye and the eye is blinded, he must let the slave go free to compensate for the eye.
And if a man strike the eye of his bondman or the eye of his handmaid, and it be marred, he shall let him go for his eye.
And if a man knocks out the tooth of his male or female slave, he must let the slave go free to compensate for the tooth.
And if he knock out his bondman's tooth or his handmaid's tooth, he shall let him go free for his tooth.
And if an ox gore a man or a woman, so that they die, then the ox shall certainly be stoned, and its flesh shall not be eaten; but the owner of the ox shall be guiltless.
But suppose the ox had a reputation for goring, and the owner had been informed but failed to keep it under control. If the ox then kills someone, it must be stoned, and the owner must also be put to death.
But if the ox have gored heretofore, and it have been testified to its owner, and he have not kept it in, and it kill a man or a woman, -- the ox shall be stoned, and its owner also shall be put to death.
However, the dead person’s relatives may accept payment to compensate for the loss of life. The owner of the ox may redeem his life by paying whatever is demanded.
If there be imposed on him a satisfaction, then he shall give the ransom of his life, according to what is imposed on him.
“The same regulation applies if the ox gores a boy or a girl.
Whether it gore a son or gore a daughter, according to this judgment shall it be done to him.
If the ox gore a bondman or a handmaid, he shall give to their master thirty shekels of silver, and the ox shall be stoned.
“Suppose someone digs or uncovers a pit and fails to cover it, and then an ox or a donkey falls into it.
Laws about Restitution
-- And if a man open a pit, or if a man dig a pit, and do not cover it, and an ox or an ass fall into it,
-- And if a man open a pit, or if a man dig a pit, and do not cover it, and an ox or an ass fall into it,
The owner of the pit must pay full compensation to the owner of the animal, but then he gets to keep the dead animal.
the owner of the pit shall make it good, shall give money to the owner of them; and the dead [ox] shall be his.
“If someone’s ox injures a neighbor’s ox and the injured ox dies, then the two owners must sell the live ox and divide the price equally between them. They must also divide the dead animal.
-- And if one man's ox gore his neighbour's ox, and it die, then they shall sell the live ox, and divide the money thereof, and divide the dead also.
But if the ox had a reputation for goring, yet its owner failed to keep it under control, he must pay full compensation — a live ox for the dead one — but he may keep the dead ox.
Or if it be known that the ox have gored heretofore, and its owner have not kept him in, he shall in any case restore ox for ox; and the dead shall be his.