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Fair Treatment of Slaves
“These are the regulations you must present to Israel.
“These are the regulations you must present to Israel.
“If you buy a Hebrew slave, he may serve for no more than six years. Set him free in the seventh year, and he will owe you nothing for his freedom.
If you buy a Hebrew servant, he shall serve six years; and in the seventh he shall go out free and pay nothing.
If he was single when he became your slave, he shall leave single. But if he was married before he became a slave, then his wife must be freed with him.
If he comes in by himself, he shall go out by himself; if he comes in married, then his wife shall go out with him.
“If his master gave him a wife while he was a slave and they had sons or daughters, then only the man will be free in the seventh year, but his wife and children will still belong to his master.
If his master has given him a wife, and she has borne him sons or daughters, the wife and her children shall be her master’s, and he shall go out by himself.
But the slave may declare, ‘I love my master, my wife, and my children. I don’t want to go free.’
But if the servant plainly says, ‘I love my master, my wife, and my children; I will not go out free,’
then his master shall bring him to the judges. He shall also bring him to the door, or to the doorpost, and his master shall pierce his ear with an awl; and he shall serve him forever.
“When a man sells his daughter as a slave, she will not be freed at the end of six years as the men are.
“And if a man sells his daughter to be a female slave, she shall not go out as the male slaves do.
If she does not satisfy her owner, he must allow her to be bought back again. But he is not allowed to sell her to foreigners, since he is the one who broke the contract with her.
But if the slave’s owner arranges for her to marry his son, he may no longer treat her as a slave but as a daughter.
And if he has betrothed her to his son, he shall deal with her according to the custom of daughters.
“If a man who has married a slave wife takes another wife for himself, he must not neglect the rights of the first wife to food, clothing, and sexual intimacy.
If he takes another wife, he shall not diminish her food, her clothing, and her marriage rights.
If he fails in any of these three obligations, she may leave as a free woman without making any payment.
And if he does not do these three for her, then she shall go out free, without paying money.
Cases of Personal Injury
“Anyone who assaults and kills another person must be put to death.
The Law Concerning Violence
“He who strikes a man so that he dies shall surely be put to death.
“He who strikes a man so that he dies shall surely be put to death.
But if it was simply an accident permitted by God, I will appoint a place of refuge where the slayer can run for safety.
However, if he did not lie in wait, but God delivered him into his hand, then I will appoint for you a place where he may flee.
However, if someone deliberately kills another person, then the slayer must be dragged even from my altar and be put to death.
“But if a man acts with premeditation against his neighbor, to kill him by treachery, you shall take him from My altar, that he may die.
“Anyone who strikes father or mother must be put to death.
“And he who strikes his father or his mother shall surely be put to death.
“Kidnappers must be put to death, whether they are caught in possession of their victims or have already sold them as slaves.
“He who kidnaps a man and sells him, or if he is found in his hand, shall surely be put to death.
“And he who curses his father or his mother shall surely be put to death.
“Now suppose two men quarrel, and one hits the other with a stone or fist, and the injured person does not die but is confined to bed.
“If men contend with each other, and one strikes the other with a stone or with his fist, and he does not die but is confined to his bed,
If he is later able to walk outside again, even with a crutch, the assailant will not be punished but must compensate his victim for lost wages and provide for his full recovery.
“If a man beats his male or female slave with a club and the slave dies as a result, the owner must be punished.
“And if a man beats his male or female servant with a rod, so that he dies under his hand, he shall surely be punished.
But if the slave recovers within a day or two, then the owner shall not be punished, since the slave is his property.
Notwithstanding, if he remains alive a day or two, he shall not be punished; for he is his property.
But if there is further injury, the punishment must match the injury: a life for a life,
But if any harm follows, then you shall give life for life,
an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth, a hand for a hand, a foot for a foot,
eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot,
a burn for a burn, a wound for a wound, a bruise for a bruise.
burn for burn, wound for wound, stripe for stripe.
“If a man hits his male or female slave in the eye and the eye is blinded, he must let the slave go free to compensate for the eye.
“If a man strikes the eye of his male or female servant, and destroys it, he shall let him go free for the sake of his eye.
And if a man knocks out the tooth of his male or female slave, he must let the slave go free to compensate for the tooth.
And if he knocks out the tooth of his male or female servant, he shall let him go free for the sake of his tooth.
But suppose the ox had a reputation for goring, and the owner had been informed but failed to keep it under control. If the ox then kills someone, it must be stoned, and the owner must also be put to death.
However, the dead person’s relatives may accept payment to compensate for the loss of life. The owner of the ox may redeem his life by paying whatever is demanded.
If there is imposed on him a sum of money, then he shall pay to redeem his life, whatever is imposed on him.
“The same regulation applies if the ox gores a boy or a girl.
Whether it has gored a son or gored a daughter, according to this judgment it shall be done to him.
If the ox gores a male or female servant, he shall give to their master thirty shekels of silver, and the ox shall be stoned.
“Suppose someone digs or uncovers a pit and fails to cover it, and then an ox or a donkey falls into it.
“And if a man opens a pit, or if a man digs a pit and does not cover it, and an ox or a donkey falls in it,
The owner of the pit must pay full compensation to the owner of the animal, but then he gets to keep the dead animal.
the owner of the pit shall make it good; he shall give money to their owner, but the dead animal shall be his.
“If someone’s ox injures a neighbor’s ox and the injured ox dies, then the two owners must sell the live ox and divide the price equally between them. They must also divide the dead animal.
“If one man’s ox hurts another’s, so that it dies, then they shall sell the live ox and divide the money from it; and the dead ox they shall also divide.
But if the ox had a reputation for goring, yet its owner failed to keep it under control, he must pay full compensation — a live ox for the dead one — but he may keep the dead ox.
Or if it was known that the ox tended to thrust in time past, and its owner has not kept it confined, he shall surely pay ox for ox, and the dead animal shall be his own.